Pharmaceutical name﹕

英文藥名:

Bulbus Allii

Latin botanical name﹕

拉丁學名:

allium sativum L.﹔

Allium officinarum Hance.

Pron. in Japanese﹕

日語發音:

taisan

Pron. in Korean﹕韓語發音:

taisan

粵音﹕

daai6 syun3

Common Name﹕

外語:

1. garlic (English).

2. bawang putih (Malay, Indonesia)

3. bawang (Tagalog, Ilokano);

4. ajos (Bisaya);

Distribution

產地:

all over the world

世界各地。

Properties (characteristics)

性味﹕

acrid, warm.

辛﹐溫。

Channels (meridians) entered:

歸經﹕

large intestine, lung, spleen, stomach.

大腸﹐肺﹐脾﹐胃。

Actions & Indications﹕

主治療:

see samples of formulae

處方舉例。

Medical Function:

藥理﹕

Medical Function:

1. lower blood lipids

2. lower blood sugar

3. effect on circulation: lowers blood pressure, improves capillary circulation, improves peripheral circulation, dilates blood vessels, anti arterio-sclerosis.

4. antibiotic effect

5. anti aging effect

6. improves immune system

7. anti platelet coagulation[3]

8. anti tumor:May inhibit stomach and asophagus cancer. [2]

9. anti toxin: for treatment of lead and mercury poison.

10. anti radiation

11. anti inflammation effect [4]

12. inhibits building up of biofilm [5] [6]

藥理﹕

1. 降血脂作用

2. 降血糖作用

3. 對心血管系统的作用。大蒜所含的部份含硫物質與抗壞血酸可提高 eNOS 的活性而促進血管舒張。

4. 抗病原微生物作用

5. 抗衰老作用

6. 增強免疫作用

7. 抗血小板凝聚作用

8. 抗腫瘤作用: 有抗胃癌，食道癌之作用。[2]

9. 解毒作用 。用于治療鉛與水銀中毒。

10. 抗辐射

11. 抑制菌類生物膜的生成。[5] [6]

Chemical ingredients﹕

化學成份:

1. allyl methyl sulfide (烯丙基甲基硫醚), diallyl sulfide, 6-methyl-1-thio-2, 4-cyclohexadiene, dimethyl sulfide, divinyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, dithiocyclopentene, 5-methyl-1, 2-dithio-3-cyclopentene, allyl propyl disulfide, 4-methyl-1, 2-dithio-3-cyclopentene, 3-vinyl-1, 2-dithio-4-cyclohexene, 3-vinyl-1, 2-dithio-5 cyclohexene, dimethyl  trisulfide, allyl methyl trisulfide, 4-vinyl-1, 2, 3-trithio-5-cyclohexene,diallyl trisulfide, allyl propyl trisulfide, diallyl tetrasulfide, dipropyl disulfide, methyl propyl trisulfide, allyl methyl tetrasulfide, allyl methyl pentasulfide.

allicin (大蒜素), sulfur dioxide, 2-hydroxy-propylene, cymene, trans-ajoene, cis-ajoene, 2-vinyl-4-H-1, 3-dithiin,3-vinyl-4-H-1, 2-dithiin.

2. scorodose (大蒜糖), GF-1, II, III, IVa, IV.

3. alliin (蒜氨酸), allicin, A, B, C, D, E, F.

4. alliinase (蒜氨酸酶).

5.  scordinin  A₁, A₂, A₃, B₁, B₂, B_{3 (}增精素甲₁﹐甲₂﹐甲₃﹐乙₁﹐乙₂﹐ 乙₃).

6. Proeruboside B, 26-O-Beta-glucopyranosyl-22-hydroxy-25-(R)-5alpha-furostane-3beta, 6beta, 26-triol-3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl (1-4)-beta-galactopyranoside); Sativoside-R1, (25R)-26-O-Beta-D-glucopyranosyl-22-hydroxy-5alpha-furostane-3beta, 26-diol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->3)

-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->2) -

O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)] -O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2) -O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl- (1-->3)] -O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside);Sativoside-R2,(tigogenin) -3-O-Beta-D-glucopyranosyl- 91--.3) - O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4) -O-beta-D-galactopyranoside).[21]

7. oxalic acid （草酸）0.36 g/100g

Dosage﹕

用量:

6 to 15 g or 3 to 5 cloves in decoction.

Samples of formulae﹕

處方舉例:

Modern Research﹕

現代研究:

On acute cerebaral infarction

effect on pulse wave velocity

Garlic Supplements Can Impede HIV Medication

http://www.springerlink.com/content/8361358w7913m626/

Effect on E. coli [1]

On fighting chronic lung infection of cystic fibrosis patients﹕ by inhibiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is one of the most common causes of chronic infection in cystic fibrosis patients. Garlic has been used to to inhibit a bacterial communication system called quorum sensing . Quorum sensing enable the bacteria to form bio-films which are the tenacious colonies of bacteria in the lungs. The quorum sensing molecules also switch on bacterial weapons such as elastase, an enzyme which breaks down elastic tissue in the lung.  Thus according to the researchers lead by Alan Smyth of the School of Human Development of University of Nottingham.

大蒜可以抑制數量感應(quorum sensing)而抑制囊 肿性纤维化病患之慢性綠膿桿菌感染。細菌 數量感應之分子也可能引起細菌武器如彈性蛋白脢。彈性蛋白脢能溶解肺臟組織之彈力素使得肺容量降低。

抑制大腸桿菌作用【1】

Cautions﹕

禁忌:

not to use in cases of yin deficient (yinxu), shortly after child birth, measles, boils, epidemic diseases, toothache, tongue infection, during diarrhea or eye infection.

Large dosages in concentrated form in long term usage can be toxic to kidneys.

Garlic Supplements Can Impede HIV Medication

凡一切陰虛火旺之徵象﹐以及產後 ﹐痘疹﹐時疫﹐瘡瘍﹐目疾﹐舌爛﹐泄瀉﹐牙齒疼痛 ﹐咽喉不利等癥﹐均忌食之。

長期服用大 劑量可能對腎臟有毒。