Pharmaceutical name:

英文药名：

Rhizoma zingiberis officinalis

Biological name:

拉丁學名：

Zingiber officinale Rosc.

Pron. in Japanese:

日語發音：

shokyo  （raw ginger 生姜)

Pron. in Korean：

韓語發音：

saenggang （raw ginger 生姜)

Pron. in Cantonese:

粵語發音：

saang1  geong1  （raw ginger 生姜)

Common Name:

英文名：

fresh ginger

Distribution:

分布：

most part of China 中國大多地區。

Properties (characteristics)

性味：

acrid, warm .

辛，溫。

Channels (meridians) entered:

歸經：

lung, spleen, stomach

肺，脾，胃。

主 治：

Sheng jiang means fresh ginger: Evaporates the exterior and rids of coldness, warms the middle burner (jiao) and alleviates stuffy nose, pain of intestine hernia, vomiting, stops coughing with chronic lung disorders with phlegm, reduces the toxicity of other herbs (like fu zi, ban xia). For sweaty feet, frost bite, sore mouth and tongue, body odor from armpits, itchiness, for preventing sea sickness.

Gan jiang means dry ginger. Gan jiang is mainly used in warming the middle, purge coldness, correct yangxu condition which is to improve circulation, rid of  cold and pain of chest and of abdomen, lower back pain and chronic diarrhea.

Pao jiang (hei jiang) means baked ginger. It is for warming the digestive system, getting rid of heat due to deficiency, for cold pain of chest and abdomen, flatulence, diarrhea. dysentry, stop bleeding, rid of clot blood, vomiting blood, diarrhea with blood, excessive bleeding during premenopausal stage.

Sheng jiang pi means fresh ginger peels: It is acrid, cool, being used in edema, difficulty in urination; taken as decoction.

生薑 主治 ：驅寒溫中﹐通鼻﹐治小腸氙氣﹐嘔吐﹐肺 虛痰多久咳﹐減輕其他藥物毒素(如 附子﹐半夏)﹐腳汗多﹐凍瘡﹐口舌生瘡 ﹐狐臭﹐皮膚發癢﹐防暈船。

乾 薑主治 ：

溫 中 ， 散 寒 ， 回 陽 ，宣 通 脈 。 心 腹 冷 痛 ， 腰 痛 ， 瀉 下 ，

反 胃 乾 嘔 ， 淤 血 ， 肕 血 。

炮 薑 (黑薑)主 治 ：  溫 脾 胃 ， 退 虛 熱 。 心 腹 冷 痛 ， 脹 滿 ，下 痢 ， 霍 亂 ，止血、去 瘀血﹐肕 血 ， 吐 血 ， 血 痢 ， 崩 漏 。

生薑皮主治：為 生薑根莖切下的外表皮。性味辛，涼。功能和脾行水消腫，主要用於水腫，小便不利。煎服。

藥理：

Medical functions of sheng jiang:

1. Protects liver cells from damage from CCl_{4 ,}

2. Anti-bacteria (especially Salmonella)

3. Lowers blood lipids

4. Cholagogue (promotes bile secretion)

5. Reduces pain

6. Calming

7. Anti inflammation

8. Anti coagulation of platelets

9. Anti allergy

10. Anti tumors

11. Anti hair growth: external use

12. Prevents sea sickness

13. Effect on E. Coli (see Modern Research item)

The ingredient, gingerol, can inhibit the abnormal fermentation inside the intestine and help expel gas. It possesses the effect of :

anti peptic ulcer, promoting the flowing of bile, protecting  liver, cardiac stimulation, inhibiting platelet coagulation, preventing dizziness, anti-tumor, inhibiting CNS, improving auto-immune function, antibiotic (especially Salmonella), killing parasites, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxident, anti bacteria  and anti-trichomoniasis

生姜藥理：

保護肝細胞避免被四氯化炭所傷，抗菌，尤其是沙門尼拉菌，降低血脂，促進膽汁分泌。止痛，鎮靜，消炎，防止血小板凝聚，防敏感，抗腫瘤，外用可防止毛髮生長，防止暈浪，對大腸桿菌之作用 （見現代研究條）。

注：姜辣素(gingerol)能抑制腸內的異常發酵和促積氣排出 。  具有健胃抗胃潰瘍、利膽、保肝、強心、抑制血小板聚集、防暈、抗腫瘤、中樞抑制、增強免疫力、抗菌、殺虫、消炎之作用，還具有很強 的抗氧化能 力，抗陰道毛滴蟲症。

化 學成份：

用量：

Fresh ginger: 3 ~ 8 grams per day in decoction.

Dry ginger:1 ~ 3 grams per day, in powder form.

Fresh ginger skin: 3 ~ 10 grams per day in decoction.

生薑： 每日3～8 克。入湯剤。

乾薑：每日 3 克。作粉剤。

生薑皮：每日：3～10g。入 湯剤。

處方舉例：

sheng jiang: gui zhi tang, ma huang tang,

hei jiang (pao jiang): sheng hua tang, huang qi gui zhi wu wu tang

gan jiang: li zhong tang

生姜：桂 枝湯, 麻黃湯, 黃耆桂枝五物湯

炮姜： 生化湯　

乾薑：理中湯

現代研究：

Gingerol decreases after processing and storage of ginger[1]

對大腸桿菌之作用：生薑的化學 成份之一，薑酮，能防止大腸桿菌分泌的腸毒素粘附於细胞表面的感受器而防止液體積迴腸內而以防止腹瀉。【2】

禁忌：

do not use in case of yinxu (yin deficient) or in stomach heat with vomiting.

 陰虛內熱及實熱証或胃熱嘔吐者禁服。

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