Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕	Rhizoma et Radix Veratri
Botanical name: 學名﹕	Veratrum schindleri Loesi. f.﹐天目藜蘆 Veratrum grandiflorum Loes. f.﹐毛葉藜蘆 Veratrum dahuricum (Turcz.) Loes. f.興安藜蘆 Veratrum mauckii Regel.毛穗藜蘆 Hemerocallis thunbergii Baker 麝暑萱 (華東地區也曾用) Hemerocallis citrina Baroni 金針菜 (華東地區也曾用)
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕	riro
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕	yoro
Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕	lai lou
Other Names: 別名﹕	cong ran 蔥苒﹐cong kui 蔥葵﹐shan cong 山蔥﹐wei lu 韋蘆﹐ hui kui 蕙葵﹐gong ran 公苒﹐cong dan 蔥菼﹐li lu 梨盧﹐ cong bai li lu 蔥白藜蘆﹐lu cong 鹿蔥﹐gan cong 憨蔥﹐ cong lu蔥蘆﹐cong guan li lu 蔥管藜蘆﹐han cong 旱蔥﹐ ren tou 人頭﹐du yao cao 毒藥草﹐qi li dan 七厘丹。
Common Name: 英文名﹕	veratrum root and rhizome
Distribution: 產地﹕	mainly produced in Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Liaoning provinces of China. 主產於山西﹐河北﹐河南﹐山東﹐遼寧等省。
Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕	acrid, cold, toxic. 味辛，寒，有毒。
Channels (meridians) entered:   歸經﹕	liver, lung stomach  肝﹐肺. 胃
Medical functions: 藥理﹕	lowers blood pressure, lowers heart rate, lowers respiration rate. 有降低血壓，減慢心率，減慢呼吸的作用。
Actions & Indications: 主治﹕	Kills parasites and itching use externally: make into fine powder and add vegetable oil and make into paste for scabies, ringworm and lice. To induce vomiting: li lu, gua ti, fang feng make into fine powder. Use a small amount. Take with warm drinking water. Caution: normal dosage is 0.3 g to 0.9 g. 外用治疥癬﹐頭蝨﹐牛皮癬。用藜蘆研為細末， 加生油調成軟 膏，外塗。
Chemical ingredients: 化學成份﹕
Dosage: 用量﹕	In pill or powder form: 0.3 g to 0.9 g. External application: use appropriate amount.  0.3 克至0.9 克，宜作散劑。外用適量。
Samples of formulae: 處方舉例﹕	To promote vomiting: Use fang feng, guo ti, li lu. Grind into fine powder. Take a small amount. Take with warm drinking water to promote vomiting. Note: li lu is very poisonous. The dosage is 0.3 to 0.9 gram. If taken by mistake, drinking the decoction of white portion of green onion will stop vomiting. 作催吐用。如欲湧吐痰涎，作為急救，可用防風﹐瓜蒂﹐藜蘆三味，研細末，取少量，溫水送服以催吐。 本品有劇毒，用時宜 慎。 用量為﹕0.3 克至0.9 克 服本品後吐者服蔥湯即止。
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕
Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素與禁忌﹕	Do not take li lu in cases of pregnancies or if the body is weak. The toxic reaction includes: lowering of blood pressure, lowering of heart rate and slowing of respiration rate. The main effect of the alkaloids of li lu is on the nerves of motor nerves, sensory nerves and vagus nerves. and also on the CNS and striated muscles. It initially stimulates then paralyzes. Death can result due to the paralysis of the CNS of the respiratory system and heart. It antagonizes ren shen, dan shen, sha shen, xuan shen ku shen, xi xin, shao yao and not compatible with da huang and green onion.   身體虛弱及孕婦忌用。本品有毒，不宜久服，多服。藜蘆的毒性極大，含毒成分為藜蘆鹼﹐胚芽兒鹼﹐ 紅藜蘆鹼等。有降低血壓，減慢心率，減慢呼吸的作用。 藜蘆鹼主要作用於運動神經﹐感覺神經及迷走神經，並作用於中樞神經及橫紋肌，使之先興奮後麻痹， 可因心臟﹐呼吸中樞麻痹而危及生命。 反人參﹐丹參﹐沙參﹐玄參﹐苦參﹐細辛﹐芍藥。惡大黃，畏蔥白。 吐者服蔥湯即止。
Symptoms of Toxicity: 中毒症狀﹕	Toxic reactions include: the sensation of poking by needle in the throat and tongue, burning sensation in the upper abdomen and breast bone, drooping of saliva, nausea, vomiting, pain in abdomen, diarrhea, blood in stool, numbness around the mouth area, blurry vision, hazy mind, arrhythmia. In serious cases the blood pressure drops, vertigo, headache, difficulty in breathing, whole body spasm and eventually function of the heart and breathing stop. 一般中毒舌及咽喉有針刺樣感覺，上腹部及胸骨後有燒灼感，還有流涎﹐惡心﹐嘔吐﹐腹痛腹瀉﹐血性大便﹐口周圍麻木﹐視覺模糊﹐神志不清﹐心律失常等。嚴重中毒可引起血壓下降﹐眩暈﹐頭痛﹐呼吸困難﹐全身痙攣，最後可至心跳或呼吸停止。
Antidote: 解毒治療﹕	Lavage with potassium permanganate solution or with 1% tannin acid. If diarrhea is not serious, magnesium sulfate can be used to induce diarrhea. 高錳酸鉀液或 1% 鞣酸洗胃。腹瀉不嚴重時，可給硫酸鎂導瀉。