英文藥名：

calculus bovis

拉丁學名：

Bos taurus domesticus Gmelin, also Bubalus bubalis L. (water buffalo)

日語發音：

go o

韓語發音：

uhwang

粤語發音：

ngau4 wong4

英文名：

Cow bezoar, gallstone of cows

分佈：

all parts of China

全中國

性味：

bitter, sweet, cool

苦，甘，微寒。

歸經：

heart, liver

心，肝。

主治：

Anti-inflammatory, anti-fever, anti-bacterial, opens the orifices, awakens the spirit, rid of phlegm,.

For high fever with delirium and convulsion due to hot diseases with hot phlegm, for chronic sore throat, for abscesses that have ripen and ruptured.

Clears the heart, liver, relieves toxicity, rid of wind and tremors. For convulsions with high fever due to liver heat.

药理：

to be loaded

化學成份：

bilirubin (varies 10 to 50%), biliverdin,cholic acid 0.7%, chenodeoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, stero-cholic acid, conjugated bile acid, cholestrol 2.5-4.8%, fatty acid 1-2.1%, lecithin 0.17-0.2%, mucigen, carotin, granular colorless chrystals (C₂₄H₄₁NO₃) , SMC-S, SMC-F, different types of animo acid, inorganic elements like potassium, sodium, calcium magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, magenese

用量：

0.15 ∼ 1 g

處方舉例：

niu huang jie du pian  牛 黃解毒片

禁忌：

not to be used by pregnant women or those with pixu (spleen deficient) 脾虛 (spleen deficiency) and stomach han (coldness) and weixu (stomach deficiency).

Some classical texts mentioned it contradict long gu, sheng di huang, long dan cao, chang shan and niu xi.

敏感反應：

Some patients after using niu huang jie du pian developed skin and muccus reaction. Using anti-histamine will solve those allergic reactions.