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qing hao 青蒿

 

Edited by: Joe Hing kwok Chu

Pharmaceutical name:

英文藥名﹕

Herba Artemisiae Annuae

Botanical name:

學名﹕

Artemisia apiacea Hance 青蒿

Artemisia  annua  L., 黄花蒿

Artemisia capillaris Thunb.茵 陈蒿

Artemisia Scoparia  Waldst.Et  Kitaib.滨蒿

 Artemisia japonica  Thunb.牡蒿

Pron. in Japanese:

日語發音﹕

seiko

Pron. in Korean:

韓語發音﹕

ch'ongho

Pron. in Cantonese:

粵音﹕

cing1 hou1

Other Names:

別名 ﹕

 

Common Name:

英文名﹕

worm wood, ching hao

Distribution:

產地﹕

Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Hubei, Fujian.

河北﹐ 山東﹐ 江蘇﹐ 湖北﹐ 福建。

按此看各地區當青蒿所用的植物

Properties

(characteristics)﹕

性味﹕

bitter, cold.

苦﹐寒。

Channels (meridians) entered:

 

歸經﹕

kidney, liver, gallbladder.

腎﹐肝﹐膽。

Medical functions:

藥理﹕

 

  1. anti malaria
  2. for treatment of lupus
  3. for treatment of schistosomiasis
  4. the essential oil of qing hao is effective for chronic bronchitis
  5. qinghaosu can elevate the calcium ions of leukemia white cells, thus induces the diseased white cell to change and die.

 

  1. 抗瘧
  2. 治療盤狀红斑狼瘡
  3. 血吸虫病 感染
  4. 青蒿揮 發油對慢性氣管炎有效
  5. 青蒿素能使白血病细胞内的鈣離子水平升高,導致白血病细胞的變性和壞死。

Actions & Indications:

主治﹕

for treatment of malaria, warm sickness

治瘧疾, 溫病。

Chemical ingredients:

化學成份﹕

  1. 青蒿素(Qinghaosu)
  2. 青蒿甲素(Qinghaosu-I) ,
  3. 青蒿乙素(Qinghaosu-II),
  4. 青蒿丙素 (Qinghaosu-III) ,
  5. 青蒿丁素(Qinghaosu-IV) ,
  6. 青蒿戊素(Qinghaosu-V)
  7. 青蒿酸(Qinghao acid),
  8. 青蒿酸甲酯,
  9. 青蒿醇(Artemisinol),
  10. 棕榈酸(Palmitic acid),
  11. 香豆素(Coumarin),
  12. 莨菪亭(Scopoletin),
  13. 3,5-二羟基-6,7,3′,4′-四甲氧基黄酮醇(3,5- Dihydroxy-6,7,3′,4′-teramethoxyflavonol),
  14. 3,5, 3′-三羟基- 6,7,4′-三甲氧基黄酮醇(3,5, 3′-Trihydroxy-6,7,4′-trimethoxyflavonol),
  15. 5-羟基-3,6,7,3′, 4′-五甲氧基黄酮(5-Hydroxy-3,6,7,3′, 4′-pentamethoxyflavone),
  16. 5-羟基-3,6,7, 4′-四甲氧基黄酮(5-Hydroxy-3,6,7, 4′-tetramethoxyflavone),
  17. 廿八烷醇(Octacosanol),
  18. 廿九烷(Nonacosane),
  19. 廿五烷 (Pentacosane),
  20. 廿三烷酮(Tricosanone),
  21. β-香樹酯醇乙酸酯(β-Amyrine acetate),
  22. β-谷甾醇(β-Sitosterol),
  23. 豆甾醇(Stigmasterol),二肽化合物,烯炔化合物。
  24. 其揮 發油含有
  25. 蒿酮(Artemisia ketone),
  26. 異蒿醇(Iso-artemisia ketone),
  27. 桉葉素(Cineole),
  28. 左旋樟脑(l-Camphor),
  29. β-石竹烯(β-Caryophyllene),
  30. 反式-石竹烯(traans-Caryophyllene),
  31. α,β-蒎烯(α,β-pinene),
  32. 莰烯(Camphene),
  33. 月桂烯(Myrcene),
  34. 檸檬烯(Limonene),
  35. γ-松油烯(γ-Terpinene),
  36. α-松油醇(α-Terpineol),
  37. 反式-β-金合欢烯(trans-β- Farnesene),
  38. α,β;γ-榄香烯(α,β,γ-Elemene),γ,
  39. δ-畢橙茄烯(γ,β-Cadinene),
  40. 顺式-香苇醇(cis- Carveol),
  41. 古吧烯(Copaene),
  42. β-馬啊里烯(β-Maalinene),
  43. γ-衣蘭油烯(γ-Muurolene),
  44. 乙酸龍腦脂(Bornyl acetate),
  45. 異戊酸龍腦酯(Bornyl isovalerate)

Dosage:

用量﹕

3 to 12 g. If heat if high, the dosage can be up to 24 g. Do not boil for long time.

3 ~ 12克。熱盛者﹐可用至24克。不耐久煎。

Samples of formulae

:處方舉例﹕

For flu with fever and chills, sweating, heaviness in the head, tired, fullness in the chest.

Name of formula: huang qin qing dan tang

Composition: qing hao, huang qin, ban xia, chen pi, jie ke, zhu ru, fu ling, bi yi san.

 

For malaria and warm illness with fever in the evening and cool in the morning, thirty, wanting to drink water.

Name of formula: qing hao bie jia tang

Composition: qing hao, bie jia, zhi mu, sheng di huang, dan pi.

 

For gu zheng lao re: fatigue, flushed cheeks, night sweats, and progressive emaciation.

Name of formula:  qing gu san

Composition:  qing hao, di gu pi, yin chai hu, hu huang lian, qin jiu, bie jia, zhi mu, gan cao.

 

  1. 蒿芩清膽湯《通俗傷寒論》:青蒿,黃芩,半夏 ,陳皮,枳殼,竹茹,茯苓,碧玉散。治外感濕熱之邪,留戀不解 ,微惡寒而發熱,有汗不解 ,頭重肢倦,胸悶痞滿等症。
  2. 青蒿鱉甲湯《溫病條辨》:青蒿,鱉甲,知母,生地, 丹皮。治瘧疾及溫病之暮熱早涼汗解渴飲者。
  3. 清骨散《證治準繩》:青蒿,地骨皮,銀柴胡, 胡黃連,秦艽,鱉甲,知母,甘草。治骨蒸勞熱

Modern Research:

現代研究﹕

See qing hao su for malaria treatment.

Toxicity & Cautions:

毒素與禁忌﹕

Not to use in post partum women with blood deficient  or cold from  pixu (spleen deficient with cold in the stomach.

The side effect of decoction or pill forms: only a small number of patients showed nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or stomach ache. Most patients did not show any side effect. A small number of patients showed skin allergy.

產後血虛﹐ 或 脾虛 胃寒忌用。反當歸﹐生地黃。

水煎劑或口服 片劑,僅有少數人出現噁心,嘔吐,腹痛,腹瀉,絕大多數人未見毒副作用﹔肝臟﹐腎臟﹐與心電圖未見到過有異常。少數人曾經發 現有皮膚過敏。

 

Bi yi san: Composition: hua shi (3 MgO . 4 SiO 2. H2O) , qing dai , sheng gan cao.

 

碧玉散 ﹕組成﹕滑石,青 黛,生 甘 草

 

Also see: Artemisia capillaris Thunb.茵陈蒿

Note: only the young leaves are effective.

 

 

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Last update: July 22, 2009; 11:38 a.m. LAH