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Last update: Feb 19, 2013, 3 p.m. LAH   shan_zhi_zi.htm  zhi_zi.htm

 

 

zhi zi  梔子; shan zhi zi 山梔子  (in English and Chinese 中英文)

Translated and edited by: Joe Hing kwok Chu

Click here to see picture of shan zhi zi.

Pharmaceutical name:

英文药名:

Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis

Biological name:

拉丁名:

Gardenia florida, L.

Gardenia jasminoides Ellis

Pron. in Japanese:

日語發音:

山梔 子sanshishi﹔ 梔子 kuchinashi or 梔子 shishi

Pron. in Korean:

韓語發音:

ch'icha

Pron. in Cantonese:

粤語發音:

saan1 zi1 zi2

Other Names:

別名﹕

mu dan 木丹,yue tao 越桃,xian zhi 鲜支。

Common Name:

英文名:

gardenia fruit

Distribution:

分佈﹕

Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Zhejiang, Fujian provinces of China.

湖南 ﹐江西﹐ 湖北﹐浙江﹐福建等省。

Properties (characteristics)﹕

性味﹕

bitter, cold, non-toxic.

苦﹐ 寒﹐ 無 毒。

Channels (meridians) entered:

歸經﹕

heart, liver, lung, stomach, triple warmer (san jiao)

心﹐ 肝﹐肺﹐ 胃﹐三焦。

Actions & Indications:

主治﹕

being used as antipyretic, insomnia and  irritability, high fever with delusion.

infection with fever with vomiting blood, nose bleeding, blood in urine, swollen red eyes, boils.

jaundice due to liver or gall bladder infection.

1.熱病發熱,心煩不眠,或高熱狂躁,神昏譫 語。
2.熱毒實火引起之吐血,鼻衂,尿血,目赤腫痛及瘡瘍腫毒等症。
3.肝膽濕熱所致之發黃症。

Medical Function:

药理:

  1. effects on digestive system: it can lower the increased liver enzyme AST on animal caused by total ligation of bile duct. The ingredient, geniposide, can inhibit the secretion of stomach acid. It can promote the secretion of pancreattic enzyme and promote bile secretion..

  2. effects on circulation system

  3. effects on CNS: the ursolic acid can inhibit the CNS

  4.  antibiotic effect: it can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria catarrhal. The decoction can kill adult Schistosoma leptospirosis. The water of extract in vitro can inhibit a variety of skin fungi.

  5. anti-inflammatory: The ethanol extract and also the water extract of zhi zi, ethyl acetate portion and geniposide have a certain anti-inflammatory and can heal soft tissue injury. Ointment made of the extract can accelerate the healing of soft tissue.

  6. toxicity effects: acute hepatotoxicity of geniposide at high doses was likely to be linked to oxidative stress, while geniposide at normal dose of 24.3 mg kg(-1) or less did not cause hepatotoxicity even in the repeated dosing study in rats.[0]

 

  1. 對消化系统作用:對肝 功能的影响: 能降低對结扎總胆管动物的AST升高有降低作用【1】. 其京尼平能抑制胃酸之分泌。它能促進胰腺分泌。有利胆作用。

  2. 對循環系统作用

  3. 對神經經中作 用:熊果酸具有明顯的中樞抑制作用

  4. 抗菌 作用:梔子對金黃色葡萄球菌、腦膜炎雙球菌、卡他球菌等有抑制作用, 煎劑有殺死鉤端螺旋體及血吸虫成虫的作用, 水浸液在體外對多種皮膚真菌有 抑制作用.

  5. 抗炎作用: 梔子乙醇提取物, 水提取物, 乙酸乙酯部分和京尼平甙有抗炎和治療軟組織損傷的作用.其提取物制成油膏, 可加速軟組 織的愈合.

  6. 毒性:梔子苷高劑量可能引起急性肝中毒,可能與氧化應激,梔子苷在正常劑量為24.3毫克/公斤(-1)以下時並沒有引起肝毒性,即使在大鼠研究中,重複給藥研。梔子一般對人無毒,但對動物如馬,狗,貓會有毒。[0]

 

Chemical ingredients:

化學成份:

Iridoid glycoside type:環烯醚萜甙類:
gardenoside羥異梔子甙
geniposide [1]羥梔 子甙 (京尼平)[1]
Genipin-1-β-D- gentiobioside [2]京尼平-1-β-D-龍膽雙糖甙 [2]
shanzhiside [3]山梔甙
gardoside梔子新甙
scandoside methyl ester雞矢藤次甙甲酯
deacetylasperulosidic acid methyl ester去乙酰基車前草酸甲酯;
geniposidic acid梔子甙酸[4]
10-O-acetylgeniposide[5];10-O-乙酰京尼平 糖[5]
1-β--glucogeniposide[7]京尼平-1-β--葡 萄糖甙[7]
6"-O-P-coumaroyl-genipin-gentiobioside[6]6"-O-P-對香豆京 尼平雙糖[6]
Organic Acid:有機酸類:
chlorogenic acid緑原酸
3, 4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid3, 4--O-咖 啡奎寧酸
3-O-caffeoyl-4-O-sinapoyl quinic acid3-O-咖啡酰-4-O-芥 子酰奎寧酸
3, 5-di-O-caffeoyl-4-O- (3-hydroxy-3-methyl) glutaroylquinic acid[6]3, 5-i-O-咖 啡酰-4-O-(3-基-3-甲 基)戊二酰奎寧酸
3, 4-dicaffeoyl-5-(3-hydroxy-5-methylglutaroyl) quinic acid[8];3, 4-去咖啡酰-4-O-基-5-甲 基戊二酰奎寧酸[8]
jasminoidin[9]梔子甙[9]
Picrocrocinic acid[5].苦藏花甙酸[5]
gardenin栀子寧
Pigments:色素:
Crocin藏红花素
crocetin藏红花酸
α-crocetin [9]α-藏红花酸[9]
D-mannitolD-甘露醇
Other ingredients:其他成份:
β-sitosterolβ-谷甾醇
Nonacosane [9, 11]二十九烷
ursolic acid [12]熊果酸[12]
  

Dosage:

每日用 量﹕

3 - 12 g per day

3 ~ 12 克。

Samples of formulae:

處方舉例:

long dan xie gan wan 龍膽瀉肝丸

long dan xie gan tang 龍膽瀉肝湯

Modern Research:

现代研究:

to be loaded

Cautions:

禁忌:

contraindication in loose stool or loss of appetite due to pixu (spleen deficient) with yangxu (yang deficient).

Geniposide caused diarrhea in laboratory mice.

梔子甙 曾經使試驗室小鼠腹瀉。 脾虛陽 虛而便溏者忌用。

[n] For bibliography you can email our Research Librarian. There is librarian fee.

[0] 2012 Mar 29. [Epub ahead of print]

Jiao zhi zi: zhi zi that has been baked to brown in color. (under 200 oC).

Jiao zhi zi has better calming property.

Jiang zhi zhi zi : zhi zi that has been prepared with juice of ginger.

Note:

We thank our reader Akemi Masumoto for pointing out the Japanese pronunciation of 梔子 is kuchinashi, also shishi (梔子). This Japanese pronunciation of kuchinashi also appears in the botanical dictionary, Dictionary of Botany 植物學大辭典 published by Shang Wu 商務。

 

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The following will be translated:  

        1, 鼻血。用山梔子燒灰吹入鼻中。 屢試皆效。
  2,小便不通。用梔子仁十四個,獨頭蒜一個,鹽少許,俁搗爛貼肚臍上及陰曩, 過一會即通。
  3,血淋澀痛。用生梔子,滑石等分,蔥湯送服。
  4,下瀉鮮血。用梔子仁燒灰,水送服一匙。
  5,熱毒血痢。用梔子十四枚,去皮,搗為末,加蜜做成丸子,如梧子大。每服三丸,一天服三次,療效顯著。亦可用水煎服。
  6,臨產下簡。用梔子燒 過。研為末,米湯送服三錢。若上焦熱,則連殼用。
  7,熱水腫。用梔子燒過,研為末,米湯送服三錢。若上焦熱。則連殼用。
  8,霍亂轉筋,心腹脹滿,吐瀉不得。用梔子十幾枚,燒過,研為末,熟酒送服。
  9,胃脘火痛。用大梔子七枚(或九枚)炒焦,加水一碗,煎至七成,加入生姜汁飲下,痛立止。如此病是復發,還要加服玄明粉一錢,才能止痛。
  10,熱病食勞復發(按:指熱病之後因 飲食不慎或房事不慎而使舊病 復發)。用梔子三十枚,加水三升,煎取一升服下。須出微汗為好。
  11,小兒狂躁(蓄熱在下,身熱狂躁,昏迷不食)。用梔子仁七枚,豆豉五錢,加水一碗,煎至七成服下,或吐或不吐,均有效。
  12,眼來腸秘。用山梔子七個,鑽孔煨熟,加水一程式,煎至半升,去渣,放入大黃不三錢,溫服。
  13,風痰頭痛。用梔子末和蜜濃敷舌上,得吐即止痛。
  14,火焰丹毒。用梔子搗爛和水塗搽。
  15,眉中練癬。用梔子燒 過,研為末,調 油敷塗。
  16,傷折腫痛。用梔子,白麵粉同搗爛,敷塗痛處,甚效。
  17,湯燙火燒。用梔子末和雞蛋清 調濃敷塗。

以上取材自大眾醫藥網。

生梔子;苦寒之性甚強,易傷中氣,且對胃有刺激性,脾胃較弱者服後易吐,炒可 除此弊。

炒梔子;與焦梔子功用相似,炒梔子比焦梔子苦寒之性略強,一般熱較甚者可用炒梔子,脾胃較 虛弱者可用焦梔子。二者均有清熱除煩的功用。常用於熱郁心煩,肝熱目赤。如用治熱病心煩,胬肉攀睛,羞澀難開。
梔子炭;善於涼血止血,多用於吐血、咯血、咳血、衄血、尿血、崩漏下血等。如十灰散(《十藥》)。

A manuscript... writing, translating and proofreading              in progress

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