Pharmaceutical name:

英文药名：

Rhizoma zingiberis officinalis

Latin botanical name:

拉丁學名：

Zingiber officinale Rosc.

Pron. in Japanese:

日語發音：

shokyo  （raw ginger 生薑)

Pron. in Korean：

韓語發音：

saenggang （raw ginger 生薑)

Pron. in Cantonese:

粵語發音：

saang1  geong1  （raw ginger 生薑)

Common Name:

英文名：

fresh ginger

Distribution:

分布：

most part of China 中國大多地區。

Properties (characteristics)

性味：

acrid, warm .

辛，溫。

Channels (meridians) entered:

歸經：

lung, spleen, stomach

肺，脾，胃。

Actions & Indications:

主 治：

Sheng jiang: Evaporate the exterior and rid of coldness, warms the middle burner (jiao) and alleviates stuffy nose, pain of intestine hernia, vomiting, stops coughing with chronic lung disorders with phlegm, reduces the toxicity of other herbs (like fu zi, ban xia). For sweaty feet, frost bite, sore mouth and tongue, body odor from armpits, itchiness, for preventing sea sickness.

Gan jiang mean dry ginger. Gan jiang is mainly used in warming the middle, purge coldness, correct yangxu condition which is to improve circulation, rid of  cold and pain of chest and of abdomen, lower back pain and chronic diarrhea.

Pao jiang (hei jiang) mean baked ginger. It is for warming the digestive system, getting rid of heat due to deficiency, for cold pain of chest and abdomen, flatulence, diarrhea. dysentry, stop bleeding, rid of clot blood, vomiting blood, diarrhea with blood, excessive bleeding during premenopausal stage.

生薑 主 治 ：驅寒溫中﹐通鼻﹐治小腸氙氣﹐嘔吐﹐肺虛痰多久咳﹐減輕其他藥物毒素(如 附子﹐半夏)﹐腳汗多﹐凍瘡﹐口舌生瘡 ﹐狐臭﹐皮膚發癢﹐防暈船。

乾 薑 主 治 ：

溫 中 ， 散 寒 ， 回 陽 ，宣 通 脈 。 心 腹 冷 痛 ， 腰 痛 ， 瀉 下 ，

反 胃 乾 嘔 ， 淤 血 ， 肕 血 。

炮 薑 (黑薑)主 治 ：  溫 脾 胃 ， 退 虛 熱 。 心 腹 冷 痛 ， 脹 滿 ，下 痢 ， 霍 亂 ，止血、去 瘀血﹐

肕 血 ， 吐 血 ， 血 痢 ， 崩 漏 。

Medical functions:

藥理：

Medical functions of sheng jiang:

1. Protects live cells from damage from CCl_{4 ,}

2. Anti-bacteria (especially Salmonella)

3. Lowers blood lipids

4. Cholagogue (promotes bile secretion)

5. Reduces pain

6. Calming

7. Anti inflammation

8. Anti coagulation of platelets

9. Anti allergy

10. Anti tumors

11. Anti hair growth: external use

12. Prevents sea sickness

13. Effect on E. Coli (see Modern Research item)

The ingredient, gingerol, can inhibit fermentation in the intestine, can help expel gas, possesses the effect of anti peptic ulcer, promoting flowing of bile, protecting  liver, cardiac stimulation, inhibiting platelet coagulation, preventing dizziness, anti-tumor, inhibiting CNS, improving auto-immune function, antibiotic (especially Salmonella), killing parasites, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxident, anti bacteria  and anti-trichomoniasis

生薑藥理：

保護 細胞避免被四氯化炭所傷，抗菌，尤其是沙門尼拉菌，降低血脂，促進膽汁分泌。止痛，鎮靜，消炎，防止血小板凝聚，防敏感，抗腫瘤，外用可防止毛髮 生長，防止暈浪，對大腸桿菌之作用 （見現代研究條）。

注：薑辣素 (薑酮醇)（gingerol)能 抑制腸內的異常發酵和促積氣排出 。  具有健胃抗胃潰瘍、利膽、保肝、強心、抑制血小板聚集、防暈、抗腫瘤、中樞抑制、增強免疫力、抗菌、殺虫、消炎之作用，還具有很強 的抗氧化能 力，抗陰道毛滴蟲症。

Chemical ingredients:

化學成份：

2-heptanol, 1,3,3-trimethyltricyclo[2,2,1,0] heptane, tricycline, alpha-pinene, beta-fenchene, beta-pinene, 5-hepten-2-one-6-mehtyl, myrcene, octanal, alpha-thujene, ziniberol, 薑醇 zingiberol, 薑烯 zingiberene, α-薑黃烯 α-curcumene,  芳樟醇 linalool, 桉油素 cineole, phellandrene, camphene, citral, linalol, methylheptenone, nonyl aldehyde, 薑酮醇 gingerol, gingediol, methylgingediol, gingediacetate, methygingediacetate, albizziin, 薑酮 zingerone, shogoal, farnesol, hexahydrocureumin,  沒藥烯 bisabolene, cureumene, d-borneol, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3, 5-octanedial, 5-diacetoxyoctane

Dosage:

用量：

Fresh ginger: 3 ~ 8 grams per day in concoction.

Dry ginger:1 ~ 3 grams per day, in powder form.

生薑： 每日3～8 克。入湯剤。

乾薑：每日 3 克。作粉剤。

Samples of formulae:

處方舉例：

sheng jiang: gui zhi tang, ma huang tang,

hei jiang (pao jiang): sheng hua tang

gan jiang: li zhong tang

生薑：桂枝湯, 麻黃湯

炮 薑： 生化湯　

乾薑：理中湯

Modern Research:

現代研究：

Gingerol Decreases after Processing and Storage of Ginger[1]

Effect on E. coli:  an active ingredient of ginger can significantly blocked the binding of enterotoxin to cell-surface receptor G M1, resulting in the inhibition of fluid accumulation in the closed ileal loops of mice.[2]

生 薑加 工後或存儲過久其薑酮醇量會減低。【1】

生薑的化學成份之一，薑酮，能防止大腸桿菌分泌的腸毒素粘附於细胞的感受器所以防止腹瀉。【2】

Cautions:

禁忌：

do not use in case of yinxu (yin deficient) or in stomach heat with vomiting.

 陰虛內熱及實熱証或胃熱嘔吐者禁服。

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