Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕	Herba Dendrobii
Botanical name: 學名﹕	Dendrobium moniliforme (L.)Sw. (石斛 ) Dendrobium nobile, Lindl. (commonly used) (金釵石斛 ) Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook var. oculatum Hook (馬鞭石斛 ) Dendrobium chryanthum Wall. (黃草石斛 ) Dendrobium candidum (耳環石斛 ) Dendrobium loddigesii (環草石斛 ) Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (鐵皮石斛)
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕	sekkoku
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕	sokkok
Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕	se6 huk6
Other Names: 別名﹕	dendrobium
Common Name: 英文名﹕	dendrobium
Distribution: 產地﹕	Guangxi, Guizhou, Guangdong, Yunnan, Sichuan 廣東﹐貴州﹐ 廣西﹐云南﹐四川。
Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕	sweet, bland, slightly cold. 甘 、 淡 、 微 寒 。
Channels (meridians) entered:   歸經﹕	lung, stomach. 肺 、 胃 經 。
Medical functions: 藥理﹕
Actions & Indications: 主治﹕	For weakness after febrile diseases , thirsty, thromboangitis obliterans, chronic throat infection, blurry vision, weak lower back. For diabetes with yinxu (yin deficient) condition. 熱 病 傷 津 或 病 後 虛 弱 ， 津 虧 口 渴 。治 療 闭 塞 性 周 围 血 管 病、 慢 性 咽 炎 。
Chemical ingredients: 化學成份﹕	ophiopogonin 麥冬皂甙 , ruscogenin 魯司可皂甙元 , β-sitosterol β-谷甾醇 , stigmasterol 豆甾醇 . dendrobine 石斛碱、 nobilonine 石斛次碱、 6-hydroxydendrobine 6-羟基石斛碱
Dosage: 用量﹕	dry herb: 7 to 15 g. Fresh herb: 15 to 38 g. 乾石斛用7至15克。 鮮石斛用15克至38 克。
Samples of formulae :處方舉例﹕	Name of formula: shi hu ye guang wan Application: cataract, glaucoma, with yinxu (yin deficient) condition. Composition: shi hu, ren shen, sheng di, shu di, mai dong, tian dong, fu ling, fang feng, cao jue ming, huang lian, ling yang jiao, xi jiao, chuan xiong, zhi gan cao, zhi ke, qing xiang zi, wu wei zi, rou cong rong, niu xi, bai ji li, tu si zi, ju hua, shan yao, xing ren, gou qi. Make into pills. Take 9 g each time. Note: there are formula of hi hu ye guang wan that produced in mainland China did not pass inspection of health department in Taiwan. (xi jiao can be substituted with water buffalo horn).   石 斛 夜 光 丸 【功能与主治】滋阴补肾，清肝明目。用于肝肾两亏，陰虛火旺，内障目暗，视物昏花。 【处方】石斛酒洗, 五錢。 人參, 生地, 熟地酒洗, 麥門冬, 天門冬, 白茯苓, 防風, 草決明, 黃連酒炒, 各一兩。 羚羊角鎊, 犀角鎊, 川芎, 炙甘草, 枳殼炒, 青葙子微炒, 五味子炒, 肉蓯蓉酒洗去鱗炙, 各五錢。 牛膝酒洗, 白蒺藜炒去刺, 菟絲子製, 家菊花, 山藥, 杏仁, 枸杞, 各七錢。 為末, 煉蜜丸, 梧子大。 每服三五十丸, 溫酒, 鹽湯下。 現代一般煉蜜為蜜。大蜜丸每丸重9g。 每次服用一粒。 註﹕一般中國大陸出品﹐不合台灣人口規格。 (犀角可以用水牛角代替。)
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕	Identification of dendrobium   石斛鉴別法： http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11859481 http://gz.wanfangdata.com.cn:90/med/periodical/periodical.articles/yxxb/yxxb2005/0508/050811.htm
Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素與禁忌﹕	There were reports that large dosages had caused inhibiting effects on heart and lung functions in lab animals and over dosages had caused convulsion.

These belong to Washington Treaty, controlled material, under append II (permit required for import and export trade: 屬 於 《華約》管制的藥材種類:

Dendrobium nobile, Lindl. (commonly used) 金釵石斛 ;

Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook var. oculatum Hook 馬鞭石斛

Dendrobium chryanthum Wall. 黃草石斛

Dendrobium candidum 耳環石斛

Dendrobium loddigesii 環草石斛