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红景天是指景天科红景天属植物，在世界上有90餘种，多分布在北半球的高寒地带，大多数都生长在海拔3500-5000米左右的高山流石或灌木器丛林下。我国有73种，其中西藏占有32种，2个变种，但至今仍未有很好的开发利用。红景天主要以根和根茎入药，全株也可入药。主要有效成份有红景天甙（Salidroside）C14H20O7酪醇（Tyrosot）C6H10O2，此外含有淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪、鞣质、黄酮类化合物、酚类化合物及微量挥发油，还含有具有生物活性的微量元素铁、铝、锌、银、钴、镉、钛、钼、锰等，叶与茎中含有少量生物硷。经过深入的药理作用和临床使用权用的研究，1976年苏联把红景天作为"适应原"样药。广泛应用于抗疲劳、抗衰老和提高脑力和体力机能等方面。
我国对于红景天的使用已有很久的历史，远在清代，在红景天产区就有人将它用作滋祉强壮药，不消除疲劳，抵御寒冷。以后历代皇帝曾专门派探险队去寻找红景天及向各地索取红景天为贡品。据记载，康熙皇帝在平息策妄阿拉布怛分裂祖国叛乱中，长途征战在我国干旱的西北地区，由于人参"造热"，不宜使用，便用红景天来消除军旅疲备。乾隆年间，蒙古土尔扈特部从前苏联伏尔加河流域回归祖国时给乾隆皇帝的贡品中就有红景天。东北部分地区，民间常用其作为补品和治疗疾病，用它煎水或泡酒来消除重体力劳动带来的疲劳及抵抗高寒山区的冬季寒冷。
藏族人民利用红景天的历史更早，在《晶珠本草》、《藏药图鉴》中均有记载。西藏民间更常用红景天来治疗咳血、咯血、肺炎咳嗽和妇女白带等症。红景天具"扶正固本"作用，长期服用可增强免疫力，而且它的增强免疫作用可强于人参。
红景天的止血作用
红景天中所含的红景天甙和甙元酪醇具有抗疲劳、抗缺氧、抗微波幅射、抗毒以及对神经系统和新陈代谢的双向调节作用。而且还是一种环境适应药。千多年前，生活在西藏高原上的藏族人民就以红景天入药，用以健身壮体，抵抗不良环境的影响。红景天作为一种环境适应药物在军事医学、航天医学上有十分重要的意义。
除以上作用外，据《西藏常用中划药》上记载，红景天还具有活血止血、清肺止咳、解热，并止带下的功效。主治咳血、咯血、肺炎咳嗽、妇女白带等症。红景天为什么会有止血作用呢？
从红景天的成分来看，具有各种生理活性的成分近几年餘种。其中所含的红景天甙和甙元酪醇为人参型兴奋剂，所含的没食子酸、伞形花办酯、东莨菪素、山萘酚等具有抗菌消炎作用，同时山萘酚、东莨菪素还有止咳祛痰作用。同时红景天中含量最多的成分是鞣质，也称单宁或鞣酸。鞣质是一类多元酚类的混全物，分子量较大、极性较强。鞣质能与蛋白质结全生成不溶于水的大分子沉淀物，从而具有收敛性，也能使皮肤发硬，在粘膜表面起保护作用，制止过多的分泌、停止过量的出血，所以医疗中用作止血药。临床上用于局部出血供外用，也可内服以止胃溃疡症的胃出血，且对溃疡面还有护膜作用。同时还可以治疗水泻，因为护膜作用能减少分泌。鞣质还能凝固微生物的原生质，所以有一定的抗菌作用。
There are more than 90 species of Thodiolae in the world, located in
the alpine zone of the northern hemisphere, most are grown at an altitude of
3500-5000 meters high mountain, by streams, stone and rock beds or in jungle
of shrubs. There are 73 species, in China, including 32 in Tibet, two
variants, but has yet to have a good development and utilization.
Thodiolae root and rhizome are mainly used as medicine, and the whole plant
can be used as medicine. The main active ingredients are salidroside C14H20O7
and tyrosol C6H10O2, and in addition it
also contains starch, protein, fat, tannins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds
and trace volatile oil. It also contains trace elements iron with biological
activity , aluminum, zinc, silver, cobalt, cadmium, titanium, molybdenum,
manganese, etc., leaves and stems contain a small amount of alkaloids. After
thorough study of the pharmacological effects and clinical application,
in 1976 the Soviet Union classified Radix Thodiolae as "adaptogen" like
drug category. It is widely used in anti-fatigue, anti-aging and improve the
mental and physical function etc.
The use of Radix Thodiolae has a longer history, far back in the
Qing Dynasty,
in the production areas of Radix Thodiolae has been being uses as a tonic
medicine, against fatigue and cold. In the past, emperors had
specifically sent expeditions to search for and to obtain Radix Thodiolae as
a tribute to the country. According to records, the Kangxi emperor in
quelling the rebellion of a war lord, during the long expedition in the
arid northwest China, Radix Thodiolae was used since ginseng "promotes
heat", and could not be used to eliminate the fatigue and sluggishness. The
former Minister of Mongolia Torghut tributed to the Emperor Qianlong with
Radix Thodiolae when he returned to the motherland
from the former Soviet Volga Valley. In parts of the Northeast, people have
been using it as a tonic and treatment of diseases, also they soak the herb
in wine for eliminating fatigue caused by heavy physical labor and to
resist winter cold in the alpine mountains.
The history of the Tibetan people using Radix Thodiolae was earlier and it
shows in the "crystal beads Materia Medica", and the book "Tibetan guide".
In Tibet Radix Thodiolae has been used by common folk more often to
treat coughing up blood, pneumonia, cough and women vaginal infections.
Radix Thodiolae is being use for strenghtening the foundation of the body.
Long-term use can enhance the immune system, and the enhancing the immune
effect is stronger than ginseng.
Hemostatic effects of Radix Thodiolae
Radix Thodiolae contained salidroside and tyrosol glucoside has
anti-fatigue, anti-anoxia, anti-microwave radiation, anti-drug and on the
nervous system and metabolic hypoxia. But also an environment to adapt to
the drug. Thousands of years ago, living on the Tibetan plateau to the
Tibetan people of Radix Thodiolae medicine for fitness and strong body,
resistance to adverse environmental impact. Radix Thodiolae as an
adaptogen is a very important herb in the military medicine and aerospace
medicine.
In addition to the above effects, according to records the "Commonly Used
Tibetan medicine", the Radix Thodiolae also can stop bleeding, clearing the
lungs, stopping cough, reducing fever, and clearing vaginal discharge.
Indications of hemoptysis, hemoptysis, pneumonia, cough, women vaginal
infections. Why does radix Thodiolae possesses hemostatic effect?
Radix Thodiolae composition from the point of view, with a variety of
physiologically active ingredient in recent years than species. Which
contains salidroside and tyrosol ginseng aglycone type stimulants, contains
gallic acid, umbelliferone do ester, scopoletin, kaempferol and other
antibacterial anti-inflammatory effect, while kaempferol, East scopoletin
also cough expectorant effect. Radix Thodiolae while the most abundant
component of tannin, also known as tannin or tannic acid. Tannins are a
class of polyphenols mixed whole thing, large molecular weight polar.
Tannins can generate whole proteins knot insoluble precipitate
macromolecules, which has a convergence, but also make the skin hard, play a
protective role in the mucosal surface, curb excessive secretion, stop
excessive bleeding, so medical treatment used as a hemostatic. Clinic for
local bleeding for external use, can also be taken orally in order to stop
the bleeding gastric ulcer disease and ulcers as well as a protective film
for the role. Also can treat watery diarrhea, because the role of the
protective film can reduce secretion. Tannins also solidified microbial
protoplasm, so there are some antibacterial effect.
紅景天是指景天科紅景天屬植物，在世界上有90餘種，多分布在北半球的高寒地帶，大多數都生長在海拔3500-5000米左右的高山流石或灌木器叢林下。我國有73種，其中西藏佔有32種，2個變種，但至今仍未有很好的開發利用。紅景天主要以根和根莖入藥，全株也可入藥。主要有效成份有紅景天甙（Salidroside）C14H20O7酪醇（Tyrosot）C6H10O2，此外含有澱粉、蛋白質、脂肪、鞣質、黃酮類化合物、酚類化合物及微量揮發油，還含有具有生物活性的微量元素鐵、鋁、鋅、銀、鈷、鎘、鈦、鉬、錳等，葉與莖中含有少量生物鹼。經過深入的藥理作用和臨床使用權用的研究，1976年蘇聯把紅景天作為"適應原"樣藥。廣泛應用於抗疲勞、抗衰老和提高腦力和體力機能等方面。
我國對於紅景天的使用已有很久的歷史，遠在清代，在紅景天產區就有人將它用作滋祉強壯藥，不消除疲勞，抵御寒冷。以后歷代皇帝曾專門派探險隊去尋找紅景天及向各地索取紅景天為貢品。據記載，康熙皇帝在平息策妄阿拉布怛分裂祖國叛亂中，長途征戰在我國干旱的西北地區，由於人參"造熱"，不宜使用，便用紅景天來消除軍旅疲備。乾隆年間，蒙古土爾扈特部從前蘇聯伏爾加河流域回歸祖國時給乾隆皇帝的貢品中就有紅景天。東北部分地區，民間常用其作為補品和治療疾病，用它煎水或泡酒來消除重體力勞動帶來的疲勞及抵抗高寒山區的冬季寒冷。
藏族人民利用紅景天的歷史更早，在《晶珠本草》、《藏藥圖鑒》中均有記載。西藏民間更常用紅景天來治療咳血、咯血、肺炎咳嗽和婦女白帶等症。紅景天具"扶正固本"作用，長期服用可增強免疫力，而且它的增強免疫作用可強於人參。
紅景天的止血作用
紅景天中所含的紅景天甙和甙元酪醇具有抗疲勞、抗缺氧、抗微波幅射、抗毒以及對神經系統和新陳代謝的雙向調節作用。而且還是一種環境適應藥。千多年前，生活在西藏高原上的藏族人民就以紅景天入藥，用以健身壯體，抵抗不良環境的影響。紅景天作為一種環境適應藥物在軍事醫學、航天醫學上有十分重要的意義。
除以上作用外，據《西藏常用中劃藥》上記載，紅景天還具有活血止血、清肺止咳、解熱，並止帶下的功效。主治咳血、咯血、肺炎咳嗽、婦女白帶等症。紅景天為什麼會有止血作用呢？
從紅景天的成分來看，具有各種生理活性的成分近幾年餘種。其中所含的紅景天甙和甙元酪醇為人參型興奮劑，所含的沒食子酸、傘形花辦酯、東莨菪素、山萘酚等具有抗菌消炎作用，同時山萘酚、東莨菪素還有止咳祛痰作用。同時紅景天中含量最多的成分是鞣質，也稱單寧或鞣酸。鞣質是一類多元酚類的混全物，分子量較大、極性較強。鞣質能與蛋白質結全生成不溶於水的大分子沉澱物，從而具有收斂性，也能使皮膚發硬，在粘膜表面起保護作用，制止過多的分泌、停止過量的出血，所以醫療中用作止血藥。臨床上用於局部出血供外用，也可內服以止胃潰瘍症的胃出血，且對潰瘍面還有護膜作用。同時還可以治療水瀉，因為護膜作用能減少分泌。鞣質還能凝固微生物的原生質，所以有一定的抗菌作用。
