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Essential Thrombocytosis (ET), Combination of Herb and Drug Therapy

 

 Translated, written and annotated by: Joe Hing Kwok Chu    

 Therapy Method for ET in Modern Medicine:

  1.  (a) bone marrow inhibiting drugs:  Hydroxycarbamide (Hydroxyurea), Meisoindigo, Busulfan, or interferone, and/or (b) taking out excess platelets by using therapeutic thrombocytes apheresis (TTA)  (a process for removing excess platelets from the blood) and

  2. anti-platelet drugs (for preventing blood clots): aspirin, dipyridamole (Persantin, Coronarine, Dipramol), etc.

 

After treatments, the platelet counts will lower to different levels. In some cases remission can be achieved. As  ET  is a chronic disease, drug therapies have to be maintained.

Limitations to using the above-mentioned therapy method alone:

  1. Some patients show negative side effects: reaction of the digestive tract, abnormal liver functions, toxic reaction of the cells. Subsequently the medication has to be stopped, at least for a period of time.

  2. When stopping or even when lowering the dosage of the medication, the ET symptoms  may return. Thus long-term medication maintenance is required.

  3.  In addition to the goal of inhibiting the number of platelets, another important goal is improving the function of blood vessels. The above therapy methods cannot solve this issue.

  4. There are reports that after using chemotherapeutic drugs like Busulfan or Hydroxycarbamine, there has been an increase in the rate of ET transforming into acute myelogenous leukemia.[1]

Results from using traditional Chinese medicine together with modern drug therapy:

  1. rapid dropping of the platelet count

  2. lessening the toxic side effects of modern drugs used

  3. improving the blood vessel condition

  4. lessening complications

 

Traditional Chinese medicine therapy methods that focus on :

  1. activating the blood circulation and

  2. breaking and ridding of  blood stasis

can relieve the symptoms of ET. The platelet count may drop but not to the normal level. Thus just correcting the functions of the blood vessels and improving the whole body function is not a perfect solution.

A better solution is described by the famous physician of the Qing dynasty, Tang Rong-Chuan (唐容川)(1846─1897). He explained in his book "Blood Disease Theory"  (血證論) that to treat blood stasis disease, the primary method should be to regulate the qi. He deemed that bleeding and stasis (bruises) in many cases are related to liver qi lacking harmony. The main treatment should be harmonizing the liver (qi) and stopping the bleeding. Zhang Zhong-Jin ("Jin Gui Yao Lue") about 200 A.D. discussed using “Da Huang Zhe Chong Wan” 大黄蔗虫丸as the main therapy method. The symptoms of high platelet count and enlarged spleen condition match his diagnosis. Thus the foundation of Traditional Chinese Medicine therapy is to regulate the qi and remove blood stasis and focus on  blood/qi and phlegm dampness.

The following herb combination has been designed:

 yu jin , xia ku cao , fo shouzhe bei , di long, chao lai fu zi, shui hong hua , ba yue za, e zhu, ze lan, quan xie,  tu bie chong, chuan shan jia , shui zi, dang gui, huang qin , nu zhen zii, jin que gen

 

In this formula, yu jin , xia ku cao , fo shou ba yue za are for harmonizing the liver, getting rid of blood stasis  , and regulating the qi.

Zhe bei , di long, chao lai fu zi are for clearing the heat and transforming the phlegm. chuan shan jia quan xie are for getting rid of blood stasis and clearing the channels,    Tu bie chong, shui zi, e zhu activates the blood and breaks  blood stasis. Dang guii harmonizes and builds blood.   Ze lan activates the blood and helps expel excess water.  Shui hong hua disperses blood and gets rid of lumps.   Jin que gen and , nu zhen zi benefits qi and promotes yin. Huang qin  clears heat.   This whole formula combines the regulating of qi, gets rid of lumps, transforms phlegm, clears heat, benefits qi, all into one. It also combines both purging of disease and adding a tonic to make the body healthier. It is a tonic but does not leave infection behind. It has been proven to be effective in clinical usage. Long-term usage is safe and does not have side effects.

 

 

從 鬱 論 治 原 發 性 血 小 板 增 多 症

論 著 作 者 ﹕  蘇 鳳 哲   論 著 來 源 ﹕  中 國 名 醫 推 薦 網   添 加 時 間 ﹕  2006-4-11  8﹕ 31﹕ 18  (北京市東 四 醫 院 ,北京  100700

西医常以骨髓抑制劑,如羟基脲、甲異 靛、馬 等抑制和减少血小板生成,或予干扰素,
或施血小板单采,或予抗血小板功能药物,阿司匹林、潘生丁等,经治療 血小板均有不同程度下降。有的可达缓解,但作为慢性疾病,需长期服药维持,仅用如上药物仍存在一定的局限性。1)部分患者因药物的副作用,如胃肠道反应,肝功异常,细胞毒作用等而被迫停药;2)药物减量後 ,病情复發 ,需长期大量维持,药物难以停减;3)本病除抑制血小板数量外,改善血管功能狀 也是長 期缓解的關 键,如上药物解决不了这一问题;4)有报道,接受馬 蘭、羟基脲治療 者,可增加转化为急性白血病的概率[1]。中医药参與 治療 可使血小板数量迅速下降,毒副作用消除,并可改善血管功能状态和调节机体功能,并能明显减少并發 症,兹将中医药治療 本病的体会作一总结归纳。
1
中医理法方药分析
  原發 性血小板增多症起病缓慢,临床表现不一,多以头昏,头晕,乏力,肢体麻木为主要临床表现,重者可有出血或血栓形成,表现为皮肤紫癜,齿衄,甚至便血,呕血,血栓形成于足部可引起间歇性跛行,肠系膜血栓形成可致腹痛,呕吐,颅内血栓形成可致偏瘫,昏迷,多数患者可伴轻、中度脾大,部分病人有肝肿大,还可表现为食欲不振,肢体困重、疼痛,口干,口苦,身体烘热,两目黯黑,口唇紫绀,舌质紫暗或有瘀斑,舌苔白腻或黄腻,脉弦滑数。
  根据上述临床表现,中医归属于"血瘀""积聚""血证"范畴,本病起病缓慢,多见于中老年人,其發 病與 饮食,情绪,劳倦,感受热毒等多种因素有关,由于情志郁结,氣 血运行不畅,致氣 滞血瘀,可见腹痛,肢体疼痛,周身紫斑,口唇紫绀,舌质紫暗;郁久化热或热毒内蕴,血热妄行可致各种出血,鼻衄,齿衄,便血,呕血等;肝氣 不调,饮食劳倦,影响脾胃运化功能,脾失运化,痰湿中阻,可见食欲不振,四肢困重,乏力,头昏,舌苔白腻等;瘀血内停,瘀之不去则新血不生,致成"干血",结于胁下致胁下痞硬满,肌肤失去营养,可见肌肤甲错,两目黯黑;痰瘀阻于经脉可见肢体麻木;郁久化热傷 阴,可见口干口苦,周身烘热,舌苔黄,脉细数。
  综上所述,本病的主要病机是因郁致瘀,氣 郁、血郁、痰湿郁致血行不畅,郁久化热傷 阴,以致痰瘀交结,升高的血小板久羁不下,成为顽症。治療 当以解郁理氣 活血通络化痰祛湿为正治之法。

本病的传统治療 以活血、破血、逐瘀为主,病情虽有缓解,但血小板降到一定程度,再难以下降,对于改善血管功能状态和全身症状,仅以活血化瘀亦非万全之法,先贤清末名医唐容川在《血證論》中治療 血瘀证,以调氣 为先,认为出血、瘀血之证,多與 肝氣 失调有关,治療 以和肝降逆平冲。寧 血止血為 大法。张仲景《金匮要略》所论: "五劳虚極 羸瘦,腹满不能飲食 ,食傷 ,懮 ,饮傷 ,房事傷 ,饥傷 ,劳傷 ,经络营卫氣 ,内有干血,肌肤甲错,两目黯黑,缓中補 虚,大黄蛰虫丸主之"。文中所论饮食、情志、劳倦、房事所致瘀血内停,形成干血,與 本病血小板久升不降,伴脾大者相吻合,宗先贤之法,结合辨证求因,审因论治原则,

, 本病立足调氣 解郁,从氣 血痰湿入手治療 ,自拟解郁降板湯 ,药物组成:鬱金   ,炒萊 菔 子水紅花   澤 蘭,全蝎,土 鱉蟲穿 當 歸 金鵲根  ,方中以鬱金 八月紮,舒肝解郁理氣 散结, 母, ,炒萊 菔 子 清热化痰,穿 ,全蝎,化 通络,土 鱉蟲   活血破血,當 歸 和血,澤 蘭 活血利水,水紅花 散血消徵,金鵲根  女貞子益氣 清熱 ,全方融理氣 、散结化痰、和血活血破血、逐 通络,清热益氣 陰為 爐,攻補 兼施,攻而不傷 正,補 而不留邪。該 ,每多取效,且久服無 副作用。
2
床资料臨 床以解郁降板湯 治療 治療 原發 性血小板增多症20例,兹将臨 治療 情况分析如下:
2.1
一般资料:20例患者源于2001年至2005年門 及病房,其中男9例,女11例,年龄3575岁,平均年龄54岁,症状不明 因其他原因檢 3例,有出血症状者3例,脾肿大者18例,肝肿大8例,有头晕、乏力、肢体麻木、胸闷,腹胀等症状者17例,舌质紫暗,口唇紫绀者20例,诊断标准参照全国统一标准[2]
2.2
实验室检查:血象WBC14×109/L,(5.4-39.2x109/L,RBC4.23×1012/L(3.3- 5.41×1012/L),Hb121g/L(110-165g/L),PLT125×109/L(650-2800×109/L),骨髓像:所有病例有核细胞增生均在活跃以上,粒系和红系增生正常,巨核细胞明显增多,每片86-780个,平均168个,20例中有两例谷丙转氨酶升高,余18例肝肾功能正常,凝血四项检查,APTT延长者4例,TT延长5例,纤维蛋白元减少2例,头颅CT检查,有脑血栓形成者2例。
2.3
治療 20例患者中接受甲异靛治療 4例,接受羟基脲治療 13例,1例先用羟基脲後 改为格列卫Glivec治療 2例单纯用中药治療 2例脑血栓患者使用血栓通等治療 ,使用甲异靛、羟基脲治療 者,血小板有一定幅度下降,当该药减量後 血小板复上升,全部病例采用中药治療 ,西药使用半年至1年逐渐减停,中药给予解郁降板湯 ,药物组成:鬱金 10g 10g 10g澤 蘭 20g,浙贝母12g地 龍15g,炒萊 菔 子10g水紅花子 30g,八月扎20g莪  朮10g。全蝎10g,土鳖虫10g穿 10g水蛭 6g當歸 15g 10g女 貞 子 15g 金鵲根  12g,水煎服,日一劑,分两次服,血小板将近正常时,改用中成药大黄蔗虫丸口服。
2.4
效判断标准
2
完全缓解(CR)临床表现及血小板数恢复正常。
3
部分缓解(PR)血小板数较治療 前下降>50%,临床表现有所减轻。
4
无效(NR)达不到部分缓解。
2.5
治療 结果
  20例患者接受中医药为主治療 6个月至12个月後 CR8例,PR12例,5年随访无转化为白血病的病例,亦无其他并發 症出现。
体会
  原發 性血小板增多症是一种原因不明的骨髓增生性疾病,目前西医治療 主要用两類 药物,一類 为骨髓抑制劑,如羟基脲,甲异靛等,一類 为抗凝劑,如阿司匹林,潘丁生等,经治療 血小板有所下降,但需继续用药巩固,有的患者维持量较大,每日需1.5g羟基脲方能控制,停药後 病情反复且加重,针对西药副作用大,难以停药的弊端,我们主张血小板在100万左右时,以中医药为主参與 治療 ,从临床治療 体会看,具有如下优势和特点:一是能迅速改善临床症状;二是可使羟基脲,甲异靛等西药逐渐减量,维持治療 半年至一年可将西药全部停掉,以中药取代之。说明中药对抑制骨髓巨核细胞增生具有一定的作用;三是通过中药的整体调节,血小板功能和血管功能亦有一定的改善;四是在中医药运用方面,如血小板偏高伴热象,可加用清热解毒药物,如半枝莲,白花蛇舌草,山慈姑,龙葵,狗舌草,龙胆草,以解体内热毒,有效地降低血小板,由于解毒之药,易傷 脾胃,故同时应佐生山药,炒白术,炒薏仁等药;五是血小板增多伴乏力、氣 短等氣 虚症状者亦不可使用人参,黄芪等温補 之品,应使用五爪龍 ,金鹊根,绞股蓝等清補 之品;六是血小板增多伴胸闷、肢体困重、舌苔白腻等湿象,可用霍梗、佩兰、荷叶;七是本组病例经用中医药治療 ,無 一例轉 白血病和合并其他疾病,说明中医药参與 治療 本病,具有一定的效果,其機 理尚待進 一步揭示。

 

da huang zhe chong wan

大黄蔗虫丸

處方組 , 熟大黃30g 土鱉蟲(炒)30g 水蛭(制)60g 乾漆(煅)30g 蠐螬(炒)45g 苦杏仁(炒)120g 地黃300g 白芍120g 60g 桃仁120g 甘草90g 虻蟲(去翅足,炒)45g. 劑型:. 大蜜丸,每丸重3g

 


参考文献:
[1] Murphy S. Peterson Iland H. et al. Experience of the polycythemia Vera Study Group with essential thrombocythemia : a final report on diagnostic criteria. Survival, and leukemic transition by treatment . semin Hematol
1997,34:2939

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9025160&dopt=Abstract
 

[2] 張之南主编 血液病诊断及療 效标准 2 北京科技出版社 1998289
 

http://www.springerlink.com/(qnb2du45pq5lsz550ura4y25)/app/home/contribution.asp?referrer=parent&backto=issue,7,9;journal,88,580;linkingpublicationresults,1:100397,1


 




 


 

 

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