Present Day Usage:

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1. for epilepsy,

2. for external injury of the brain,

3. as a painkiller, for neurasthenia,

4. for depression,

5. for the blood-vessel type of migraine.

It has no undesirable side effects. It does not create a tolerance.

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Pharmaceutical name:

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Rhizoma Gastrodiae Elatae

Biological name:

啎B W G

Gastrodia elata Bl.,  

Pron. in Japanese:

y o G

tenma

Pron. in Korean:

y o G

ch'onma

Pron. in Cantonese:

f y o R

tin1 maa4

   Other Names:

   O W R

ming tian ma 捖癒Mming chi jian W b Mding feng cao w Mshui yang yi v ,  chi jian zhi b , du yao zhi?祆?   ,  ding feng cao w        ,  li mu 疇   ,  he li cao X 簿   ,  shen cao   ,  gui tu you ??span LANG="en-us">, chi jian b C

B W G 捖   ,  捖   ,  捖瞻   ,  捖   ,  菑捖   ,  捖繕

Common Name:

^ W R

Gastrodia Tuber

Distribution:

G R

It is mainly produced in Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces.  Other producing regions include Northeast China and North China.

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Properties (characteristics) R 囧 R

Sweet in taste and neutral in nature.

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Channels (meridians) entered:

Liver.

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Actions & Indications:

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1. Calming the internal wind and relieving convulsion and spasm. For suppressing symptoms of liver-wind, no matter if cold type or heat type.

2. Calming the liver and suppressing liver yang ascending x W . For such symptoms as vertigo and headache.

3. Removing obstruction in the channels to relieve pain. For arthralgia due to the wind, cold and dampness, or for numbness and paralysis caused by liver and shenxu (kidney deficient) 

4. For neurasthenia and insomnia

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2. x W t w  ,  Y h  ,

3. 瞻   ,  k h ,

4. g I z  ,  v C

Medical Function:

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1. Effect on the CNS: sedation, anti-seizure, painkilling effect.

2. Effect on heart and blood vessels: protects the heart muscle from lacking circulation, improves blood flow in the coronary artery,

3. Improves blood flow to the brain,

4. mitigate the effect of adrenalin on blood vessel constriction, lower blood pressure.

5. Effect on tolerance of lack of oxygen.

6. Improve the immune system.

7. Other effects: increase the skin temperature; increase the expansion and contraction ability of the smooth muscle of the intestine; improve the secretion of the bile in the gall bladder (vanillyl alcohol); slow down breathing; inhibits 5-HT, PGE_2;

8. Vanilline can be absorbed in the small intestine rapidly and shows up in the liver and the brain, especially the cerebrum, and the medication quickly permeates the blood-brain barrier. Vanilline is excreted through the urine within 10-12 hours.

9. Toxicity: Relatively safe.

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2. W C Y C

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4.   e Q p z l M F x 臟 P M S O O b j

6. W撘?O O

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Chemical ingredients:

 G

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Dosage:

庤q R

• As a decoction, 3 -10 g daily.

• As powder, 1 - 1.5 g each time.

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• 徆 R 3~10 J C

• M C A R1~1.5 J

Samples of formulae:

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Use for paralysis after stroke; also for spastic muscles: tian ma, 3 portions; niu xi , 3 portions; du zhong, 3 portions; dang gui, 2 portions; jiang huo, 2 portions. Grind into fine powder. Mix with refined honey to make into cubes. Take 5g each time 3x day with warm boiled water.   (Source of formula: Long Xiang Fei)

Traditionally, tian ma is being used with the combination of gou teng, ban xia, chuan xiong, fang feng etc.

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B R 捖 3 M 3 M 3 M k2 M 2 C i 茈 C 珨e Y C C A5 J C C 3 M } e A C B 虓 R s C

tian ma wan 捖瞻Y

W A 捖簣` P _ 獺B b L B t | B t 洏 C

Differentiation:

鑒 O R

Tian ma is long and elliptical, shrunk, crooked and slightly flat, 3-15 cm long, 1.5-6 cm wide, and 0.5-2cm thick. At one end of the tuber, there is a reddish-brown withered bud or a remaining stem. At the other end, there is an umbilicate scar. Tian ma ( Gastrodia) tuber is usually peeled. Its surface is yellowish white or yellowish brown with longitudinal wrinkles and some spotted segmental rings. It is hard and semi-transparent. It does not break easily.  Its cross-section is smooth and lustrous. It has a peculiar odor and a sweet, slightly pungent taste.   Fakes are the roots of Mirabilis jalapa L. and Dahlia pinnata Cav., or the tuber of potato, Solanum tuberosum L. They do not have the spotted segmental rings and longitudinal wrinkles on the surface, and the cross-section has no resin-like luster.

捖簞 ~ `閫?怞 j R Dahlia pinnata cav D( )  ,  [ Mirabilis jalapa L.( [ )  ,  a Solanum tuberosumL( X )  ,  迮 犮玼 Cacalia tangutica Hand D( )  ,  暆 Canna edulis Ker D( H )  ,  Y Colocasia esculenta Sch D( 悗n P )  ,  j E 悀 Dobinea delavayi Engl. ( ) Q l 茠 琠庤 ??s ~ C

Cautions:

T 牷R

Should not be used in case of yinxu (yin deficient)

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