| | zi ran 孜然 (in English and Chinese) by: Joe Hing kwok Chu 朱興國編譯
Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕ | Fructus Cumini | Botanical name: 學名﹕ | Cuminum cyminum L. | Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕ | ba kin , ma kin, (馬芹） | Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕ | keomin | Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕ | zi1 jin4 | Other Names: 別名﹕ | | ma qin | 馬芹 | | alabo hui xiang | 阿拉伯茴香 | | anxi hui xiang | 安息茴香 | | ou shi luo | 歐蒔蘿 | | xian hao | 莧蒿 | | xiang han qin | 香旱芹 |
| Common Name: 外文名﹕ | Bengali: jiira English: Cumin French: cumin, cumin blanc, cumin du Maroc, faux anis German: Kreuzkümmel, Weißer Kreuzkümmel, Römischer Kümmel, Mutterkümmel Hindi: jira, jeera, saphed jira Indonesian/Malay: jintan putih Persian: zira, zire. Spanish: comino, comino blanco Urdu: zira, jira. | Distribution: 產地﹕ | Largest production and cultivating area is in India. The Chinese variety is produced in Xinjiang; also being cultivated in Taiwan. 印度產量與種植地最大。在中國産於新疆。台灣也有栽培。 | Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕ | sweet, acrid, warm, non-toxic. 甘，辛，溫，無 毒。 | Channels (meridians) entered: 歸經﹕ | liver, kidney, large intestine. 肝，腎，大腸 。
| | Medical functions: 藥理﹕ | anti-fungal effect [2] contraceptive effect in male rats [3] 抗真菌作用【2】 避孕作用-對雄性大鼠有避孕作用【3】 | Actions & Indications: 主治 ﹕ | expels coldness and rid of fungal infection of digestive tract, promotes digestion, arrests pain. Being used in weak digestion, cold stomach with pain, kidney deficient with frequent urination. 祛寒除 濕，理氣開胃，祛風止痛。用於消化不良、胃寒疼痛、腎 虛小便頻。 | Chemical ingredients: 化學 成份﹕ | | Fruit contains: | 果實中含： | | apigenin-5-O-glucopyranoside | 芹菜素-5-O-吡喃葡萄糖甙 | | apigenin-7-O-glucopyranoside | 芹菜素-7-O-吡喃葡萄糖甙 | | teolin-7-O- glucopyranoside | 木犀草素-7-O-吡喃葡萄糖甙 | | Evaporating oil of Fruit 2%-5%: | 果實中還含揮發油2%-5%： | | p-cymol | 對-聚傘花素 | | α、β-pinene | α、β-蒎烯 | | cumin alcohol | 枯醇 | | cuminaldehyde (cuminal) | 枯醛 | | α、β-phellandrene | α、β-水芹烯 | | perillaldehylde | 紫蘇醛 | | α-terpineol | α-鬆油醇 | | syringol | 丁香酚 | | myrcene | 月桂烯 | | α、γ-terpinene | α、γ-鬆油烯 | | limonene | 檸檬烯 | cineole | 桉葉素 | p-menth-3-al | 對-3-孟烯-7-醛 | 1，3-p-menthadien-7al | 1，3-對-二烯-7-醛 | 1，4-p-men-thadien-7-al | 1，4-對-孟二烯-7-醛 | geranial | 香葉醛 | phellanral | 水芹醛 | caryophyllene | 丁香烯 | β-farnesene | β-金合歡烯 | β-bisabo-lene | β-甜沒藥烯 | dipentene | 二戊烯 | | Fat in the seed includes: | 種子脂類成分含 | | neutrallipids 84.8% | 中性脂類 84.8% | | gly-colipds 10.1% | 糖脂10.1% | | phospholipids 5.1%: | 磷脂5.1%: | | phosphatidylethanolamine | 磷脂酰已醇胺 | | phosphatidylcholine | 磷脂酰膽鹼 | | small amount of △5,6-octadecenoic acid | 少量△5，6-十 八碳烯酸 | | Seed contains crude protein containing 18 kinds of amino acid, among them 8 essential | 種子含粗蛋白:內有18種氨基酸，其中8種為必需氨基酸 | | Also contains 14 glycosides: | 還含有14種黃酮甙; | | 7 of them are apigenin | 其中7種甙元為芹菜素 | | 5 of the aglycones are luteolin | 5種甙元為木犀草素 | | chrysoeriol | 2種甙元為金聖草素 | | Potassium, sodium, chlorine, iron, manganese, chromium, rubidium, bromine, copper, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, barium, lithium, silicon, titanium | 鉀、鈉、氯、鐵、錳、鉻、銣、溴，銅、鎳、鈷，鋁、鋇、鋰、硅、鈦 | | choline | 膽鹼 |
| Dosage: 用量﹕ | Taking orally, in decoction 3 to 9 g. External application: use appropriate amount. Grind into powder make into paste and apply. 內服，煎湯：3～9 克。外用適量，研末調敷。 | Samples of formulae:
處方舉例﹕ | Mouth sores in children
The prescription: ma qin (zi ran) juice.
Usage: wipe the blood on the lips. Apply the zi ran juice three times a day. 小兒口瘡 馬芹塗方--《聖濟總錄》卷一八○
處方：馬芹子汁。
用法：先揩唇上血出，塗藥，1日3次。 | Modern Research: 現代 研究﹕ | In one study, the essential oil of the seeds 3.8%. 97.97% of the oil, were :Cuminal (36.31%), cuminic alcohol (16.92%), γ-terpinene (11.14%), safranal (10.87%), p-cymene (9.85%) and β-pinene (7.75%) were the major components.[1] 據一個研究，中國孜然種子含揮發油 3.8％。 97.97％的揮發油，分別為：枯敬醛 （36.31％），枯醇（16.92％），γ-鬆油烯（11.14％ ），藏紅花醛（10.87％），對傘花烴（9.85％），β-蒎烯（7.75％）為主要組成部分 [1]。
| Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素 與禁忌﹕ | Those who are yinxu with fire or those with constipation or with hemorrhoids should use with care 陰虚火旺或 便秘，痔瘡患者慎服。
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Reference: 《Zhong Hua Materia Medica 中華本草 》 [1] Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 19: 311–313. doi: 10.1002/ffj.1302 [2] Indian J Dent Res. 2010 Jul-Sep;21(3):334-6. [3] Contraception. 2011 Jul;84(1):98-107. Epub 2011 Feb 16.
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