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ma dou ling
馬兜玲
by Joe
Hing Kwok Chu
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Present Day
Applications:
現代應用﹕ |
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Pharmaceutical name:
英文藥名﹕ |
Fructus aristolochia |
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Latin
botanical name:
拉丁文學名﹕ |
Aristolochia debilis
Sieb et Zucc;
Aristolochia sinarum Linde.;
Aristolochia
contorta Bge |
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Pron. in
Japanese:
日語發音﹕ |
ba to rei |
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Pron. in Korean:
韓語發音﹕ |
ma du ryong |
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Pron. in
Cantonese:
粵音﹕ |
ma tok ling |
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Other
Names:
別名﹕ |
- Qing mu xiang 青木香 is the root of the plant
ma dou ling.
- Tian xian teng 天仙藤 is the vine of ma dou ling.
- Ma dou ling is the fruit of the plant
- Guang
fang ji belongs
to the
aristolochiae family.
[note]
These herbs contain aristolochic acid and
are all toxic like ma dou ling.
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Common Name:
英文名﹕ |
birthwort fruit
(closest species) |
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Distribution:
產地﹕ |
Hao Zhou of Anhui, Henan, Shandong, Hebei,
Jiangxi,
Shanxi, Shaanxi, Jiangsu and Zhejiang .
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Properties
(characteristics)﹕
性味﹕ |
Bitter in taste. A little spicy. Fruits, ma dou ling
are cold but the roots which are called tu qing mu xiang are warm. Usually
normal dosage is not toxic but long term usage with larger amount
can be toxic but in some highly sensitive individuals, a small
amount can be very toxic. |
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Medical functions: |
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Bronchodilatory
effect and counter bronchospastic effect of pilocarpine, acetylcholine,
and histamine.
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Inhibitory effect (in culture)
against Staphylococcus aureus.
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Mild counter hypertension effect.
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Channels
(meridians) entered:
歸經﹕ |
lung and large intestine channels. 肺﹐大腸。 |
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Actions & Indications:
主治﹕ |
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in coughs, phlegm, wheezing, blood in phlegm, with lung heat;
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hypertension, dizziness, with red face due to
yinxu and
liver yang
ascending
(gan yang ascending) condition;
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bleeding hemorrhoids and swelling in the anus.
- 用於肺熱咳嗽﹐痰壅氣促﹐肺虛久咳﹐痰中帶血﹐
- 用於因陰虛﹐
肝 陽 上亢高血壓病，頭暈面赤者,
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痔瘡腫痛或出血﹐肛門周圍腫痛等。
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Chemical ingredients:化學成份﹕ |
aristolochic acid, aristolochine C32H32N2O18 ,
magnoflorine
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Normal Dosage:
用量﹕ |
3 to 10 g in decoction. Use appropriate
amount for external use: boil with water and use for washing
affected parts. 內服入煎劑，常用量3～10克。外用適量：煎汁熏洗。 |
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Samples of formulae
:處方舉例﹕ |
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Modern Research:
現代研究﹕ |
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Cautions:
禁忌﹕ |
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Do not use in cough due to cold and deficiency or
weakness.
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Do not use in diarrhea
due to pixu (spleen
deficiency).
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Large dosage and long term usage can cause damage to
kidneys and can be lethal.
- Do not use in cases of pregnancies.
Note:
Guang fang ji is produced in Guangdong. It is also
called Guangdong mu fang ji. It belongs
to the aristolochiae family and is
toxic for the kidneys. 30 g
is the toxic dosage.
- 虛寒咳喘﹐
- 脾弱便泄者慎服，
- 大劑量或久服可致腎臟衰竭或死亡。
- 孕婦忌服。
廣防己屬馬兜苓科﹐全株有毒。人畜誤食新鮮的莖葉或花，會造成頭痛﹐頭暈﹐噁心﹐嘔吐﹐腹痛﹐呼吸困難﹐四肢麻木等症狀。廣防己對腎臟有毒。30克的劑量即為有毒劑量。
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[note]:
Before the
Qing dynasty mu tong was derived from the plant of
Akebia guinata or Akebia lobata
but now ninety five of mu
tong (guan mu tong 關木通) used in China is the stem of
Aristolochia debilis﹐usually
obtained from the north eastern province, formally called Manchuria.
The following herbs that contain Aristolochic acid have been ban by the
health office of Taiwan government: ma dou ling, guan mu tong, tian xian
teng, qing mu xiang, and guang fang ji.
Other herbs that belong to the Aristolochia family include:
- zhu sha lian
硃砂蓮(Aristolochia cinnabarina CY Cheng et JL.Wu),
- xun gu feng 尋骨風 ﹐(Aristolochia mollissima Hance),
- qing xiang teng 青香藤, 柔毛馬兜鈴, 青木香 (Aristolochia mollis Dunn),
- nan mu xiang 南木香,
- tong cheng fu 通城虎,
- jia da shu 假大薯,
- guan nan xiang 管南香,
- Guang fang ji
廣防己﹐
- bi xue lei 鼻血雷,
- bai jin gu lan 白金古欖.
衛生署中醫藥委員會已宣布禁用含馬兜鈴酸的馬兜鈴﹐關木通﹐天仙藤﹐青木香﹐廣防己等五種藥材及其製劑.
其它已知的馬兜鈴科馬兜鈴屬中藥材還有廣防己﹐朱砂蓮﹐尋骨風﹐青香藤﹐南木香﹐通城虎﹐假大薯﹐管南香﹐鼻血雷﹐白金古欖。
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